Conditional sentences are sentences expressing factual implications, or hypothetical situations and their consequences. Conditional sentence consist of two parts : the if clause and the main clause.

Types of conditional sentences :

1.      Conditional sentence type 1 or likely conditions

Conditional sentence type 1 is used to express an action that will probably take place in the present or near future.

S + Will (modal) + V₁  -----    If + S + V_1/+s

Main clause                                               If clause

Example :

a.       I will go with him If I have enough money

Main clause                            If clause

b.      If they score a goal, they will win the match

c.       If the boy sends you a letter, will you reply it promptly?

d.      You will work for two years If you get the contract

e.       The movie will be interesting If there is no problem with the electricity tonight

f.       How can you expect to get well soon If you don’t take the medicine regulary?

2.      Conditional sentence type 2 or unlikely conditions

Conditional sentence type 2 is used to express an action that is not likely to happen in the present or future, or is imaginary.

S + Would (Modal) + V₁  -----           If + S + V₂

Main clause                                                               If clause

Example :

a.       You would meet my parents If you came to my party

b.      If I lived near my office, I would be in time for work

c.       The Products would not sell well If didn’t cut down the prices

d.      If I were you, I would attend cultural events too

e.       If the service hotel were good, the visitor would not complain

f.       We could swim this afternoon If the weather were nice

3.      Conditional sentence type 3 or impossible conditions

Conditional sentence type 2 is used to express an action that will be impossible to happen since the action refers to the past time.

S + Would (Modal) + Have + V₃  -----          If + S + Had + V₃

Main clause                                                               If clause

Example :

a.       They would have brought many things If they had been able to go

b.      If I had managed to repair the tv, we could have watched it

c.       If he had had a car, he would have taken a ride everyday

d.      We could have posted your letter If we had gone to the office

e.       You would have met your friend If you had come early

f.       If he had gone, we would have given

Source : Mulyono dan Widayanti, Ari.2010.English Alive.Jakarta:Yudhi-tira

                Priadi, Arum.2008.Panduan UNAS.Yogyakarta:LP2IP

                www.wikipedia.org

Exercise 13: Verbs as Complements

Choose the correct form of the verb in parenthese in the following sentences.
1. The teacher decide to accept the paper.

2. They appreciate to have this information.

3. His father doesn’t approve of his going to Europe.

4. We found it very diffuclt to each a decision.

5. Donna is interested in opening a bar.

6. George has no intention of leaving the city now.

7. We are eager to return to school in the fall.

8. You wold be better off buying this car.

9. She refused to accept the gift.

10. Mary regrets to be the one to have to tell him.

11. George pretended being sick yesterday.

12. Carlos hopes to finish his thesis this year.

13. The a greed to leave carly.

14. Helen was anxious to tell her family about her promotion.

15. We are not ready to stop this research at this time.

16. Henry shouldn’t risk to drive so fast.

17. He demands to know what is going on.

18. She is looking forward to return to her country.

19. There is no excuse for leaving the room in this condition.

20. Gerald returned to his home after leaving the game

Exercise 10: Subject-Verb Agreement

Choose the correct of the verb in parentheses in the following sentences.
1. John, along with twenty friends (is/are) planning a party.

2. The picture of the soldiers (bring/brings) back many memories.

3. The quallity of these recordings (is/are) not very good.

4. If the duties of these officers (isn’t/aren’t) reduced, there will not be enough time t finish the project.

5. The effects of cigarette smoking (have/has) been proven to be extremely harmful.

6. The use of credit cards in place of cash (have/has) increased rapidly i recent years.

7. Advertisements on television (is/are) becoming more competitive than ever before.

8. Living expenses in this country, as well as in many others (is/are) at an all-time high.

9. Mr.Jones accompanied by several members of the commite (have/has) proposed some changes of the rules.

10. The levels of intoxication (vary/varies) from subject to subject.



Exercise 11: Subject-Verb Agreeement

Choose the correct form of the verb in the following sentences.

1. Neither Bill nor Mary (is/are) going to the play tonight.

2. Anything (is/are) becoming than going to another movie tonight.

3. Skating (is/are) becoming more popular every day.

4. A number of reporters (was/were) at the conferences yesterday.

5. Everybody who (has/have) a fever must go home immediately.

6. Your glasses (was/were) on the bureai last night.

7. There (was/were) some people at the meeting last night.

8. The committee (has/have) already reached a decision.

9. A pair of jeans (was/were) in the washing machine this morning.

10. Each student (has/have) answered the first three questions.

11. Either John or his wife (make/makes) breakfast each morning.

12. After she had perused the material, the secretary decided that everything (was/ were) in order.

13. The crowd at the basketball game (was/ were) wild with excitement.

14. A pack of wild dogs (has/ have ) fightened all the ducks away.

15. The jury (is/ are) trying go reach a decision.

16. The army (has/ have) eliminated this section of the training test.

17. The number of students who have withdrawn from class this quarter (is/ are) appalling.

18. There (has/ have) been too many interruptions in this class.

19. Every elementary school teacher (has/ have) to take this examination.

20. Neither Jill nor her parents(has/ have) seen this movie before.